Dr Anita Malhotra

Reader in Zoology (Molecular Ecology)

a.malhotra@bangor.ac.uk

+44 1248 383735

Dr Anita Malhotra

My research interests focus on the role of natural selection in population adaptation and divergence, to which I apply a wide range of methods including multivariate morphometrics, statistical hypothesis-testing, innovative field experiments and genome analysis. I have two main areas of research on disparate organisms in different geographical regions (Anolis lizards in the Caribbean and Asian pit vipers), which are unified by being essentially focussed on the interface between evolution and ecology, and with an emphasis on the integration of genetic and phenetic data. More recently, my research has moved into the field of ecological and evolutionary genomics to evaluate the evolution of genes affecting complex traits directly and relies on the availability of a well-supported and complete organismal phylogeny of Asian pitvipers generated by my students and myself. Drawing on numerous collaborations to bring together disparate strands of organismal biology and ecology, evolutionary theory, comparative genomics, bioinformatics and proteomics, I aim to develop an integrated picture of the evolution of snake venom components.

Another strand to this research on venomous snakes involves snakebite mitigation, and I am currently involved in several projects in India, dubbed the "snakebite capital of the world", where c. 50,000 people die from snakebite every year and many more suffer permanent disability. Together with partners in India, our work ranges from mapping the distribution and genetic and venom variation present in venomous species across the country, to undertaking rescuer training and education and awareness programs. We are particularly focussing on the Himalayan and northeastern region, which belong to biodiversity "hotspots" but are relatively understudied. The venomous species in these regions are diferent to the rest of the country, and are not covered by the currently available polyvalent antivenom.

I am also involved in research on the genetic health of honeybees and other pollinators, together with colleague Dr Paul Cross. We are part of the recently formed research network on British dark bee conservation that includes researchers from Plymouth University, National University of Ireland (Galway), and the University of Edinburgh.

  • PhD: What causes geographic variation? A case study of Anolis oculatus
    University of Aberdeen, 19881992
  • Zoology (with supplementary Anthropology)
    Oxford University, 19851988
Investigation of the functional genomic basis of environmental niche adaptation Venom evolution: understanding the origin and evolution of venoms; evolutionary drivers of venom composition and underlying genetic mechanisms, relevance to snakebite treatment Speciation, natural selection, phylogeny, hybridization and other aspects of evolution in squamates, particularly island lizards, including both natural and invasive species Biogeography and systematics of venomous snakes and other reptiles, species delimitation Invasion genetics Honeybee health and population genetics

2025

  • E-pub ahead of print
    Kuttalam, S. R. & Malhotra, A., 3 Jan 2025, (E-pub ahead of print) In: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Kuttalam, S. R., Owens, J. B., Santra, V., Ahmed, M. T., Das, B., Das, S., Koley, A., Koley, R., Barlow, A. & Malhotra, A., 3 Jan 2025, In: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review

2024

  • Published
    Owens, J. B., Kuttalam, S. R., Santra, V., Graham, S., W羹ster, W., Mukherjee, N., Bharti, O. & Malhotra, A., 24 Dec 2024, In: Reptiles & Amphibians. 31, 1, p. 1-2 2 p., e21541.
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review

2023

  • Published
    Talukdar, A., Malhotra, A., Lalremsanga, H. T., Santra, V. & Doley, R., Mar 2023, In: Journal of Proteins and Proteomics. 14, 1, p. 61-76
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Biazkula, L., Lalremsanga, H., Santra, V., Dhara, A., Ahmed, M. T., Mallick, Z., Kuttalam, S. R., Amarasinghe, A. A. T. & Malhotra, A., 4 Feb 2023, In: Scientific Reports. 13, 1, 14 p., 2061.
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Deka, A., Bhatia, S., Santra, V., Bharti, O., Lalremsanga, H., Martin, G., W羹ster, W., Owens, J. B., Graham, S., Doley, R. & Malhotra, A., 1 Apr 2023, In: Toxins. 15, 4, 24 p.
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Thorpe, R. & Malhotra, A., 20 Sept 2023, In: Caribbean Herpetology. 88, 88, p. 1-14 14 p., 88.
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Fletcher, J., Malhotra, A. & W羹ster, W., 1 Jul 2023, In: Herpetological Journal. 33, 3, p. 83-87 5 p.
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review

2022

  • Published
    Ramana, L., Mathapati, S. S., Salvi, N., Khadilkar, M. V., Malhotra, A., Santra, V. & Sharma, T. K., 21 Feb 2022, In: Analyst. 147, 4, p. 685-694
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Kuttalam, S. R., Santra, V., Owens, J. B., Ahmed, M. T., Bharti, O., Selvan, M., Mukherjee, N. & Malhotra, A., Oct 2022, In: Hamadryad. 39, 1-2, p. 85-88
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Kuttalam, S. R., Santra, V., Owens, J. B., Selvan, M., Mukherjee, N., Graham, S., Togridou, A., Bharti, O., Shi, J., Shanker, K. & Malhotra, A., 13 Dec 2022, In: European Journal of Taxanomy. 852, 1, p. 1-30 30 p., 1.
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Malhotra, A., Graham, S., Owens, J. B., Bharti, O. & Santra, V., 31 Aug 2022, In: Herpetological Conservation and Biology. 17, 2, p. 331342
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Guttierrez, J. M., Borri, J., Giles-Vernick, T., Duda, R., Habib, A. G., Malhotra, A., Martin, G., Pintor, A. F. V., Potet, J., Scott, T., Bolon, I. & de Castaneda, R. R., 17 Nov 2022, In: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 16, 11, p. e0010897 e0010897.
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Kuttalam, S. R., Santra, V., Das, B., Koley, A., Dhara, A., Owens, J. B., Barlow, A. & Malhotra, A., 19 Nov 2022.
    Research output: Contribution to conference Poster

2021

  • Published
    Anand, A., Chatterjee, B., Dhiman, A., Goel, R., Khan, E., Malhotra, A., Santra, V., Salvi, N., Bhatnagar, I., Kumar, A., Asthana, A. & Sharma, T. K., 1 Dec 2021, In: Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 193, 113523.
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Shi, J.-S., Liu, J.-C., Giri, R., Owens, J. B., Santra, V., Kuttalam, S. R., Selvan, M., Guo, K.-J. & Malhotra, A., 4 Oct 2021, In: ZooKeys. 1061, 1061, p. 87-108 22 p.
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Malhotra, A., W羹ster, W., Owens, J. B., Hodges, C. W., Jesudasan, A., Ch, G., Kartik, A., Christopher, P., Louies, J., Naik, H., Santra, V., Kuttalam, S. R., Attre, S., Sasa, M., Bravo-Vega, C. & Murray, K. A., 1 Nov 2021, In: Toxicon: X. 12, November 2021, 18 p., 10081.
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review

2019

  • Published
    Santra, V., Owens, J. B., Graham, S., W羹ster, W., Kuttalam, S. R., Bharti, O., Selvan, M., Mukherjee, N. & Malhotra, A., 1 Dec 2019, In: Herpetological Bulletin. 150, p. 26-28
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Guo, P., Liu, Q., Zhu, F., Zhong, G. H., Che, J., Wang, P., Xie, Y. L., Murphy, R. W. & Malhotra, A., Apr 2019, In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 133, p. 82-91
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Trogridou, A., Graham, S., Santra, V., Owens, J. B., Bharti, O. & Malhotra, A., 2019, In: Episthmes Agogis . p. 75-96
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review

2018

  • Published
    Malhotra, A. & Vasudevan, K., Apr 2018, 6 p.
    Research output: Other contribution
  • Published
    Thorpe, R., Barlow, A., Surget-Groba, Y. & Malhotra, A., Oct 2018, In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 127, p. 682-695
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Dhiman, A., Anand, A., Malhotra, A., Khan, E., Santra, V., Kumar, A. & Sharma, T. K., 12 Dec 2018, In: Scientific Reports. 8, 17795.
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review

2015

  • Published
    Mrinalini, M., Thorpe, R. S., Creer, S., Lallias, D. S., Dawnay, L., Stuart, B. L. & Malhotra, A., 8 Jul 2015, In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 92, p. 266-279
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Malhotra, A., Creer, S., Harris, J. B. & Thorpe, R. S., 7 Sept 2015, In: Toxicon. 107, Part B, p. 344-358
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Thorpe, R. S., Barlow, A., Malhotra, A. & Surget-Groba, Y., 16 Feb 2015, In: Molecular Ecology. 24, 5, p. 1019-1030
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review

2013

  • Published
    Malhotra, A., Creer, S., Harris, J. B., St繹cklin, R., Favereau, P. & Thorpe, R. S., 3 Jul 2013, In: Toxicon. 72, p. 113-125
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    B繹hm, M., Collen, B., Baillie, J. E., Bowles, P., Chanson, J., Cox, N., Hammerson, G., Hoffmann, M., Livingstone, S. R., Ram, M., Rhodin, A. G., Stuart, S. N., van Dijk, P. P., Young, B. E., Afuang, L. E., Aghasyan, A., Garc穩a, A., Aguilar, C., Ajtic, R. & Akarsu, F. & 115 others, Alencar, L. R., Allison, A., Ananjeva, N., Anderson, S., Andr矇n, C., Ariano-S獺nchez, D., Arredondo, J. C., Auliya, M., Austin, C. C., Avci, A., Baker, P. J., Barreto-Lima, A. F., Barrio-Amor籀s, C. L., Basu, D., Bates, M. F., Batistella, A., Bauer, A., Bennett, D., B繹hme, W., Broadley, D., Brown, R., Burgess, J., Captain, A., Carreira, S., del Rosario Casta簽eda, M., Castro, F., Catenazzi, A., Cede簽o-V獺zquez, J. R., Chapple, D. G., Cheylan, M., Cisneros-Heredia, D. F., Cogalniceanu, D., Cogger, H., Corti, C., Costa, G. C., Couper, P. J., Courtney, T., Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J., Crochet, P. A., Crother, B., Cruz, F., Daltry, J. C., Daniels, R. J., Das, A., de Silva, A., Diesmos, A. C., Dirksen, L., Doan, T. M., Dodd Jr., C. K., Doody, J. S., Dorcas, M. E., de Barros Filho, J. D., Egan, V. T., El Mouden, E. H., Embert, D., Espinoza, R. E., Fallabrino, A., Feng, X., Feng, S. J., Fitzgerald, L., Flores-Villela, O., Fran癟a, F. G., Frost, D., Gadsden, H., Gamble, T., Ganesh, S. R., Garcia, M. A., Garc穩a-P矇rez, J. E., Gatuscm, J., Gaulke, M., Geniez, P., Georges, A., Gerlach, J., Goldberg, S., Gonzale, J. C., Gower, D. J., Grant, T., Greenbaum, E., Grieco, C., Guo, P., Hamilton, A. M., Hare, K., Hedges, S. B., Heideman, N., Hilton-Taylor, C., Hitchmough, R., Hollingsworth, B., Hutchinson, M., Ineich, I., Iverson, J., Jaksic, F. M., Jenkins, R., Joger, U., Jose, R., Kaska, Y., Kaya, U., Keogh, J. S., K繹hler, G., Kuchling, G., Kumluta, Y., Kwet, A., La Marca, E., Lamar, W., Lane, A., Lardner, B., Latta, C., Latta, G., Lau, M., Lavin, P., Lawson, D., LeBreton, M., Lehr, E., Limpus, D., Malhotra, A. & et al., [. V., 1 Jan 2013, In: Biological Conservation. 157, p. 372-385
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review

2011

  • Published
    Guo, P., Liu, Q., Li, C., Chen, X., Jiang, K., Wang, Y. Z. & Malhotra, A., 1 Dec 2011, In: Journal of Biogeography. 38, 12, p. 23262336
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Malhotra, A., Dawson, K., Guo, P. & Thorpe, R. S., 1 May 2011, In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 59, 2, p. 444-457
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review

2010

  • Published
    Eales, J. F., Thorpe, R. S. & Malhotra, A., 1 Jul 2010, In: Molecular Ecology. 19, 14, p. 2858-2869
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Dawson, K., Thorpe, R. S. & Malhotra, A., 6 Dec 2010, In: PLoS ONE. 15, 12, p. e15204
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Malhotra, A., Creer, S., Pook, C. E. & Thorpe, R. S., 1 Jan 2010, In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 54, 1, p. 172-178
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review

2009

  • Published
    Guo, P., Malhotra, A., Creer, S. & Pook, C. E., 1 Nov 2009, In: Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 47, 4, p. 378-384
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Guo, P., Malhotra, A., Thorpe, R. S., Creer, S. & Pook, C. E., 1 Jul 2009, In: Herpetological Journal. 19, 3, p. 151-162
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Guo, P., Malhotra, A., Li, C., Creer, S., Pook, P. E. & Wen, T., 1 Jul 2009, In: Herpetological Journal. 19, 2, p. 85-96
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review

2008

  • Published
    Thorpe, R. S., Jones, A. G., Malhotra, A. & Surget-Groba, Y., 1 Mar 2008, In: Molecular Ecology. 17, 6, p. 1489-1504
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Dawson, K., Malhotra, A., Thorpe, R. S., Guo, P., Mrinalini, [. V. & Ziegler, T., 1 Oct 2008, In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 49, 1, p. 356-361
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Eales, J. F., Thorpe, R. & Malhotra, A., 5 Feb 2008, In: Molecular Ecology. 17, 6, p. 1416-1426
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review

2006

  • Published
    Sanders, K. L., Malhotra, A. & Thorpe, R. S., 1 Mar 2006, In: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 87, 3, p. 343-364
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Sanders, K. L., Malhotra, A. & Thorpe, R., 7 May 2006, In: Proceedings of The Royal Society B - Biological Sciences. 273, 1590, p. 1135-1141
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Creer, S., Pook, C. E., Malhotra, A. & Thorpe, R. S., 1 Feb 2006, In: Systematic Biology. 55, 1, p. 57-72
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review

2005

  • Published
    Thorpe, R. S., Reardon, J. T. & Malhotra, A., 1 Apr 2005, In: American Naturalist. 165, 4, p. 495-504
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Creer, S., Malhotra, A., Thorpe, R. S. & Pook, C. E., 1 Aug 2005, In: Cladistics. 21, 4, p. 390-395
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Gubitz, T., Thorpe, R. & Malhotra, A., 7 Apr 2005, In: Proceedings of The Royal Society B - Biological Sciences. 272, 1564, p. 751-757
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review

2004

  • Published
    Malhotra, A. & Thorpe, R. S., 1 Jul 2004, In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 32, 1, p. 83-100
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Sanders, K. L., Malhotra, A. & Thorpe, R. S., 1 Jul 2004, In: Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 17, 4, p. 721-731
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Stenson, A. G., Thorpe, R. S. & Malhotra, A., 1 Jul 2004, In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 32, 1, p. 1-10
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Malhotra, A. & Thorpe, R. S., 1 Jun 2004, In: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 82, 2, p. 219-235
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Malhotra, A., Thorpe, R. S. & Stuart, B. L., 1 Apr 2004, In: Herpetological Journal. 14, 2, p. 65-77
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Malhotra, A. & Thorpe, R. S., 1 Jan 2004, In: Herpetological Journal. 14, 1, p. 21-33
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Herrmann, H. W., Ziegler, T., Malhotra, A., Thorpe, R. & Parkinson, C. L., 1 May 2004, In: Herpetologica. 60, 2, p. 211-221
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Creer, S., Thorpe, R., Malhotra, A., Chou, W. H. & Stenson, A. G., 1 Jan 2004, In: Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 17, 1, p. 100-107
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review

2003

  • Published
    Creer, S., Malhotra, A. & Thorpe, R. S., 1 Aug 2003, In: Molecular Biology and Evolution. 20, 8, p. 1240-1251
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Creer, S., Malhotra, A., Thorpe, R., Stocklin, R. S., Favreau, P. S. & Chou, W. S., 1 Mar 2003, In: Journal of Molecular Evolution. 56, 3, p. 317-329
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review

2002

  • Published
    Creer, S., Chou, W. H., Malhotra, A. & Thorpe, R. S., 1 Aug 2002, In: Zoological Science. 19, 8, p. 907-913
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Stenson, A. G., Malhotra, A. & Thorpe, R. S., 1 Sept 2002, In: Molecular Ecology. 11, 9, p. 1679-1688
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review

2001

  • Published
    Creer, S., Malhotra, A., Thorpe, R. S. & Chou, W. H., 1 Aug 2001, In: Molecular Ecology. 10, 8, p. 1967-1981
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Giannasi, N., Malhotra, A. & Thorpe, R. S., 1 Apr 2001, In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 19, 1, p. 57-66
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Giannasi, N., Thorpe, R. S. & Malhotra, A., 1 Feb 2001, In: Molecular Ecology. 10, 2, p. 419-426
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review

2000

  • Published
    Giannasi, N., Thorpe, R. S. & Malhotra, A., 1 Feb 2000, In: Molecular Ecology. 9, 2, p. 193-202
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Malhotra, A. & Thorpe, R. S., 1 Aug 2000, In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 16, 2, p. 199-211
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Gubitz, T., Thorpe, R. S. & Malhotra, A., 1 Sept 2000, In: Molecular Ecology. 9, 9, p. 1213-1221
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review
  • Published
    Malhotra, A. & Thorpe, R. S., 1 Feb 2000, In: Evolution. 54, 1, p. 245-258
    Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review

2024

  • 5 Aug 2024 9 Aug 2024

    Activity: Participation in Academic conference (Speaker)

2022

  • While substantial advances have been made in recent years in elucidating the phylogeny and systematics of pitvipers, phylogenies of the Asian representatives are still predominantly based on mitochondrial loci, and many species have been described on the basis of a very limited geographic sampling and an emphasis on colour pattern differences. This not only leaves their validity open to question but also fails to meet the needs of medical and conservation practitioners for whom the distribution of species is vital information. In this talk I will describe the combined analysis of a geographically comprehensive morphological and molecular data collected over a 30-year period in one of the most wide-ranging and iconic pitviper groups, the white-lipped pitviper (Trimeresurus albolabris) complex, showing how a combination of these data is far more valuable than one data type alone. However, whether to treat resulting units as full species or subspecies is still a matter of interpretation and I will use this talk as an opportunity to seek the views of the attendees.

    14 Jul 2022

    Activity: Invited talk (Keynote speaker)

2021

  • Green pitvipers are responsible for the majority of bites in tropical and sub-tropical Asia. Most are considered low priority species and most bites can be treated without the use of antivenom; however, a few bites produce more serious symptoms. Ongoing taxonomic confusion and uncertainty about distribution of

    species makes these cases difficult to explain. Here, we report on new data from north and northeast India, where the green pitvipers present are more related to SE Asian taxa (Trimeresurus sensu stricto, Viridovipera, Popeia, Himalayophis) than to those in the rest of Peninsular India (Craspedocephalus). We characterised the proteomic content of the venom of representatives of Viridovipera, Popeia and Trimeresurus and performed in-vitro biochemical assays to understand venom composition and their pathophysiological roles. These venoms display diverse PLA2 activity, coagulation activity, thrombin-like activity, haemolytic activity and

    proteolytic activity which correlate with clinical manifestations, with both local symptoms, such as extensive swelling and pain, as well as systemic abnormalities such as long-lasting (5-10 days) coagulopathy. Immuno-reactivity studies with Indian Polyvalent antivenoms showed inefficient neutralizations of venom toxins of the studied venoms, especially of lower molecular weight proteins, while Thai Green Pitviper antivenom was ineffective against venom of Popeia and Viridovipera spp. venom but showed good neutralization of Trimeresurus species venom. As the Thai green pitviper antivenom is raised against the venom of a related

    species, Trimeresurus albolabris, this underlines the utility of taking the recent taxonomic revision of Trimeresurus sensu lato into account.

    25 Aug 2021

    Activity: Invited talk (Invited speaker)

2018

  • Poster presented as part of Global Snakebite Initiative stand

    Nov 2018

    Activity: Participation in Academic conference (Participant)

  • 7 Aug 2018

    Activity: Participation in Academic workshop, seminar, course (Speaker)

2017

  • Discussion workshop with the objective of reviewing the current situation around underpinning research, clinical management, antivenom manufacturing, epidemiology and education/awareness, and identifying an action-oriented plan for mitigation of snakebite

    Dec 2017

    Activity: Participation in Academic workshop, seminar, course (Organiser)

2015

  • Editorial Board member

    2015

    Links:

    Activity: Editorial activity (Editorial board member)

  • 01/04/2023 06/06/2024 (Finished)

  • 10/08/2021 30/09/2024 (Finished)

  • 01/04/2020 01/08/2022 (Curtailed)

  • 15/12/2013 01/08/2019 (Finished)

    Description

    India has the globally highest annual death rate from venomous snake bites and in some states it is the largest contributor to mortality, exceeding even AIDS and malaria. Data on snakebite is significantly lacking from the north-eastern and Himalayan belt States, where the Big Four medically significant venomous snakes are replaced by different sets of venomous snakes. This has serious consequences for the ability to treat cases of snakebite.

    Clinical management of snakebites requires timely administration of antivenom (referred to in India as anti-snake-venom serum, or ASVS), neutralizing the life-threatening toxins in snake venom. However, venom composition varies both between and within species, and so the design and production of efficient antivenins depends on thorough understanding of venomous snake diversity and distribution. The resulting biological information and standards from this project will contribute to improving the outcome of snakebite and provide a baseline for future work.

    This project is funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme under the grant agreement number PIRSES-GA-2013-612131, with additional funding from the 挓乾勛圖 ESRC Impact Acceleration Account.

    Links:

  • 31/07/2007 08/12/2009 (Finished)